Aquanow Digital Dives: It's Private Credit  — Vol. 84

Digital Dives

January 29, 2025
by Sebastien Davies

Over the past decade, private credit has emerged as one of the fastest-growing areas in global finance, driven by a shift in lending dynamics. Where banks once dominated commercial and institutional lending, today private investors—ranging from specialized funds to larger alternative asset managers—are stepping into roles traditionally held by financial institutions. This phenomenon, though widespread across multiple asset classes, holds unique potential in the cryptocurrency market, where access to credit remains constrained by regulatory and structural barriers.

Source: Morgan Stanley

The Roots of the Private Credit Boom

The explosive growth of private credit can be traced back to increased regulation on banks following the Global Financial Crisis. Capital requirements under frameworks like Basel III were designed to de-risk financial institutions by imposing stricter limits on their lending activities and requiring higher reserves. While effective in reducing systemic risk, these regulations inadvertently hampered banks' ability to take on certain types of loans, especially those perceived as riskier or more capital-intensive.

Source: Markets Media

As a result, private credit funds, unencumbered by the same regulatory constraints, stepped in to fill the gap, growing from $200 billion in 2009 to over $2 trillion by the end of 2023. Today, they play a pivotal role in financing real estate projects, middle-market buyouts, and real estate loans. These sectors have benefited from private credit funds’ ability to lend where traditional banks have pulled back, and the providers of credit often enjoy very compelling risk-adjusted returns.

  • Middle-Market Lending: Providing loans to companies with $25 million to $75 million in EBITDA.
  • Real Estate Financing: Supporting acquisitions, development, and refinancing.
  • Leveraged Buyouts (LBOs): Financing over 73% of LBOs since 2020.

However, not all segments of lending have been equally disrupted—margin credit, in particular, remains a space where traditional financial institutions continue to thrive due to its inherent appeal: it’s collateralized, liquid, and historically low-risk.

Source: Charles Schwab

Why Margin Lending Stays in Banks’ Domain

While private credit has transformed many areas of lending, margin lending remains a stronghold for bank-owned brokerages. This is due to its unique balance sheet implications:

  • Collateral Liquidity: Margin loans are secured by liquid, easily valued assets like publicly traded securities.
  • Risk Management: Brokerages can mark collateral to market daily and issue immediate margin calls if collateral value drops.
  • Regulatory Treatment: The low risk-weighting of margin loans under Basel III means banks require less capital to hold these assets, making them attractive from a regulatory perspective.

A Wall of Regulation, A Window of Opportunity

The crypto market presents an intriguing opportunity in the broader private credit narrative. Despite the rise of Bitcoin and other digital assets as significant financial instruments, traditional banks have largely avoided lending to related businesses or accepting crypto as collateral. The reasons are twofold:

  • Regulatory Angst and Accounting Challenges
    Digital assets are still viewed with skepticism by many regulators and by extension the institutions under their purview. They cite concerns about volatility, security, and transparency. Accounting standards further complicate the picture, with crypto assets often classified as intangible assets, requiring significant write-downs in case of price declines. The capital requirements for holding crypto assets on the balance sheet are also onerous. These factors make it prohibitively difficult for banks to hold crypto collateral or extend credit against it.
  • Institutional Inertia
    Traditional financial institutions have historically been slow to adapt to new asset classes, especially when doing so could jeopardize existing regulatory relationships. The combination of uncertainty and risk-aversion has left a gaping hole in the market for crypto-backed credit.
Source: McKinsey

A New Frontier for Private Credit

This regulatory gap creates a unique opportunity for private credit providers to step in where banks cannot. Unlike traditional real estate or commercial loans, crypto-backed credit operates in a largely untapped market with attractive risk/return dynamics. Bitcoin, for example, has characteristics that make it comparable to blue-chip trillion-dollar market cap stocks like Nvidia:

  • Liquidity: Bitcoin trades 24/7 on global markets with significant depth and volume, ensuring it can be converted to cash quickly if needed. BTC has an estimated daily turnover of $70B versus NVDA stock at $12B
  • Volatility: recent volatility (90-day historical annualized standard deviation of return) is 42%, which is similar to Nvidia at 40%
  • Transparency: Blockchain technology allows lenders to verify collateral holdings in real time, reducing counterparty risk.
  • Secular Growth: Like leading technology stocks, Bitcoin represents a bet on the digital economy’s long-term potential.

Yet, because banks cannot underwrite loans collateralized by crypto, private lenders have the advantage of being first movers in this market. The demand for liquidity among digital asset holders—whether for margin credit or working capital—creates a compelling opportunity for those willing to navigate the space.

Bridging the Gap: The Role of Our Lending Fund

This is precisely where the AQN Digital yield fund operates. While it may be misinterpreted as a "crypto investment," the reality is that it functions as a private credit fund focused on a highly attractive segment of the market. By providing margin loans backed by crypto collateral, we offer:

  • Competitive Risk-Adjusted Returns: Crypto-backed loans are typically over-collateralized, providing a buffer against market volatility.
  • Diversification: Exposure to digital asset marketss represents an innovative addition to traditional private credit portfolios.
  • Alignment with Borrowers: Our infrastructure, partnerships, and market expertise ensure seamless execution for crypto holders seeking liquidity.
  • Income Generation: Predictable cash flows enable the fund to provide regular monthly income to investors.

Why Now?

The private credit boom underscores a broader trend: when traditional financial institutions step back, alternative players have the chance to step forward. Crypto is the next frontier in this evolution. With a market still underserved by traditional lenders, the opportunity to provide credit and liquidity to digital asset holders is unprecedented.

For investors seeking to capitalize on this shift, our income fund offers a unique entry point. By bridging the gap between crypto markets and private credit, we’re not just filling a void—we’re building the foundation for the next generation of financial innovation.

As private credit reshapes traditional lending, it’s time to look ahead—to new markets, new collateral, and new opportunities. The market is ready. Are you?

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: What is private credit, and why is it growing so rapidly?

A: Private credit refers to non-bank lending, where private investors or funds provide loans to businesses and individuals. Its growth has been driven by stricter banking regulations, like Basel III, which have limited banks' ability to take on certain types of loans. As a result, private credit has expanded into areas like real estate financing, middle-market lending, and leveraged buyouts, offering compelling risk-adjusted returns.

Q: Why are banks hesitant to provide credit to crypto businesses or accept crypto as collateral?

A: Banks face significant regulatory and accounting challenges when dealing with crypto. Digital assets are classified as intangible assets, requiring write-downs in the event of price declines. Additionally, there is regulatory uncertainty and skepticism around crypto’s volatility and security. These hurdles make it impractical for banks to extend credit against crypto assets or hold them as collateral.

Q: What makes crypto-backed loans an attractive opportunity for private credit providers?

A: Crypto-backed loans are typically over-collateralized, reducing lender risk. Assets like Bitcoin are highly liquid, trade 24/7, and offer transparency through blockchain technology. These factors, combined with the growing demand for liquidity among crypto holders, create a unique and untapped market for private credit providers willing to navigate the space.

Q: How does Bitcoin compare to traditional collateral assets like Nvidia or Google stock?

A: Bitcoin shares several characteristics with blue-chip stocks:

  • Liquidity: Bitcoin has a daily turnover of ~$70 billion compared to Nvidia’s ~$12 billion.
  • Volatility: Bitcoin’s recent annualized volatility (~42%) is similar to Nvidia (~39%).
  • Transparency: Bitcoin offers unmatched collateral verification through blockchain technology, so everyone knows where the collateral is.

  • These similarities make Bitcoin a compelling collateral asset, though banks currently cannot leverage it due to regulatory barriers.

Q: What sets the AQN Digital Yield Fund apart in this space?

A: The AQN Digital Yield Fund focuses on providing margin loans backed by crypto collateral, positioning itself as a private credit fund, not a crypto investment fund. Key advantages include:

  • Competitive Risk-Adjusted Returns: Over-collateralized loans mitigate volatility risks.
  • Portfolio Diversification: Exposure to the growing crypto market adds an innovative element to traditional portfolios.
  • Seamless Execution: Our infrastructure, partnerships, and expertise ensure a smooth experience for borrowers and investors alike.
  • Income Generation: Predictable cash flows enable the fund to provide regular monthly income to investors.

By addressing a gap left by traditional banks, the AQN Digital Yield Fund offers an attractive entry point into this high-growth private credit frontier.

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